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In 2002, RSCNs research team began developing a bird ringing scheme as a part of Migrating Birds Know No Boundaries, a regional project which would allow them to further their studies of birds. Adopting this new scientific tool provided researchers with the opportunity to study bird migration routes for different species, establishing knowledge of these routes and a clear understanding of migration behavior. Such information teaches researchers about different threats that birds may face during migration, allowing them to take the necessary conservation actions that will lead to their protection. Although there are several reasons why bird ringing is done, RSCNs main concern is conservation and using bird ringing as a vehicle to furthering its mission to protect endangered species.
RSCNs team of researchers first received training in Azraq, under the supervision of British experts. Throughout their training, they began learning the fundamentals and basics of ringing, and continued on for advanced training in Poland later. During that same year, they became initiated into the South-East European Bird Migration Network (SEEN) allowing them to reach a new level of expertise, working in different seasons and areas to become familiar with molting strategies, species variation, and bird lifespan.
In order to control the ringing process, a system was created for ringing and agricultural laws were placed to regulate ringing. Experienced ringers must be licensed and given field training to acquire levels of expertise from C-A class. Currently, RSCN is charged with issuing ringing permits and licenses.
Bird ringing cannot be accomplished successfully on an individual basis. Many stations need to be established in order to mark flyways and develop reports that provide full information about the birds. Information is constantly transferred from station to station, directly contributing to conservation efforts, allowing certain actions to be taken to avoid threats to birds. Site selection for such ringing stations is based on certain elements being available in important bird areas, including the availability of vegetation, protection, shelter, and water.
Sites are split into three categories, promising, non-promising, and promising-but. A promising site has rich vegetation, variation of flora species, and suitable height of trees for placement of mist nets, in addition to being an active migratory route that is easily accessible to researchers, among other factors. Promising-but sites are characterized by a lack or a need for rehabilitation in one or more of the aforementioned conditions. Non-promising sites are unsuitable as they do not provide any of the required conditions.
Research has marked Azraq as a strategic point on the Eastern flyway. It was found to be a very important stopover site for passerines (songbirds), as it is the first suitable vegetated site after the long stretch of the Sahara Desert, especially during the spring migration. RSCN focuses on learning more about these song birds, as this species predominately frequents the Azraq area during migration. Studies have revealed that Azraq is a much more popular stopover site in the spring than in the autumn for quantity and diversity of bird species. Birds tend to skip over Azraq area, because they are fat loaded, having passed over vegetated areas and already rested on their way over from the south.
After 7 seasons of bird ringing in Azraq, researchers have managed to ring approximately 15000 birds, consisting of nearly 80 species. A number of birds have been re-trapped from other stations in Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, and Tel Aviv, among others. A number of Jordanian birds have been reported to have been re-trapped in UK and Bulgaria.
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Every bird must go through a 7 step ringing procedure after it has been collected from the nets. For an expert, this procedure should take a matter of 2-3 minutes, to avoid any harm to the birds, ensuring their safety and comfort. After following these 7 steps, the bird is released into the wild. It is assumed that the bird will continue its migration trip to hopefully get caught in the nets of another ringing station, allowing researchers to develop a full picture of the bird’s migratory routes, behaviors, and any potential threats it may face.
7 Step Ringing Procedure:
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Species identification: Accurately identifying the bird through the use of references. This first step is crucial, as researchers cannot place rings on birds unless they are certain of the bird’s identity.
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Mounting or fixing ring on the left leg of bird (tarsus).
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Age determination (if possible): Birds are classified as either adult or immature. Based on the molting strategy, researchers can discern approximate age of birds.
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Bird sexing (if possible): Some birds’ gender can be determined by their color and size. However, many passerines, male and female, have the same plumage.
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Fat scoring: Birds go through a Hyperphagy state upon migration, where all the bird’s nutrition is transferred into fat, which is stored beneath the skin in the subcutaneous. This layer of fat, when tied with body mass, is an indicator of the period the bird needs to continue its migration, and how much this bird requires the area. Fat scoring can be determined according to special scoring keys that place scores on a scale from 0 - 8.
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Biometrics: Wing length, wing formula, and tail length are the basic measurements required based on SEEN standards. Some birds require more measurements to specify species and gender. Measurements are important to acquire details on different populations of the same species.
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Weighing: Birds are weighed (along with fat) for statistical measurements, to calculate stopover duration for birds in certain location.
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